Intervertebral Disc Prolapse in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Severe pain, slow gait, and especially one that protects the back: The intervertebral disc prolapse quickly leads to severe pain and a decrease in quality of life. Here, you will learn how an intervertebral disc prolapse occurs, the symptoms you can recognize it by, how veterinarians make the diagnosis, and what options are available for treatment.
What is an intervertebral disc prolapse in dogs?
The intervertebral disc prolapse is one of those neurological diseases that occur particularly frequently. The intervertebral discs in dogs are ring-shaped, flexible, and cartilaginous structures that sit between the individual vertebrae. Composed of an outer, rather hard fibrous ring and a nearly liquid core, the intervertebral discs have important functions in the back. They prevent the vertebrae from colliding and causing a blockage. Smooth movement and good cushioning of the spine - that’s what the intervertebral discs are for.
If a tear occurs in the outer ring, it leads to the displacement or extrusion of the core, and one speaks of an intervertebral disc prolapse. The consequence: The disc exerts painful pressure on the spinal cord through the vertebral canal. There are two degrees of severity, with the second being when the fluid extrudes into the surrounding tissue.
Causes: What leads to an intervertebral disc prolapse?
The following causes can lead to or promote an intervertebral disc prolapse:
- → Overweight and the associated improper loading
- Breed-related factors (long backs in Dachshunds, Corgis, etc.)
- Accidents
- Wear and tear with age
- Lack of exercise
- Overexertion from climbing stairs and overly intense sports (agility and other activities)
[TRANSLATION ERROR] Hunderassen wie Dackel haben durch ihren sehr langen Rücken ein höheres Risiko, an einem Bandscheibenvorfall zu erkranken.
Symptoms: How to recognize an intervertebral disc prolapse in dogs
If you suspect that your four-legged friend is suffering from an intervertebral disc prolapse, the following symptoms may indicate this:
- Tension
- Refusal to jump
- Stiff gait
- Stiff or → limping legs
- Trembling
- Drooping head & tail
- Pain sounds
- Lameness of one or more legs
- Incontinence
- Sensitivity to touch
Diagnosis: Diagnosing an intervertebral disc prolapse
The spine of our four-legged friends is very complex, and the intervertebral disc prolapse can occur in various locations. Thus, the symptoms can also be limited to the head area, while other furry friends can barely move both hind legs. To determine that it is not another condition such as arthritis, veterinarians conduct a comprehensive examination. This also includes neurological tests.
In addition to assessing reflexes in various areas, images using CT, MRI, and X-rays are taken. This can reveal whether and where dogs have an intervertebral disc prolapse.
[TRANSLATION ERROR] Im Rahmen der Diagnose können Tierärzt*innen durch bildgebende Verfahren einschätzen, ob und wie ein Bandscheibenvorfall beim Hund vorliegt.
Treatment and Prognosis - Can an intervertebral disc prolapse be cured?
Once the diagnosis is made, quick action from both sides is required. In the case of an intervertebral disc prolapse, rest is the first measure, combined with plenty of heat. Additionally, a proper dose of painkillers is given, as intervertebral disc prolapses cause different levels of pain - even if your four-legged friend may not show it directly. For possible inflammations, cortisone is sometimes administered. Measures such as physiotherapy also help with the tension and support recovery. If your dog is severely overweight, he needs to → lose weight with suitable tips to relieve the back. It is also worthwhile to check whether → feeding recommendations are being followed. Often, an intervertebral disc prolapse can be effectively treated with conservative measures and without surgery.
In some cases, however, surgery is necessary, where the extruded material is removed. After a long recovery period with minimal strain on the spine, the chances of healing are good. A good prognosis can be made if owners act early. If the first typical symptoms appear, a veterinary practice should be visited immediately. If the intervertebral disc prolapse remains untreated for too long, it not only means animal suffering but also worse chances of healing.
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How can I support my dog with an intervertebral disc prolapse?
To help your four-legged friend during this difficult time and relieve his spine is crucial. To distribute the pressure points well during walks, it’s better to avoid a collar and use a harness. Jumping and stairs are now off-limits, as compression and strain usually lead to a worsening of symptoms. You can also provide heat for the back at home by obtaining a special heat lamp or warming a heating pad.
In addition to these options, a → healthy diet is important. For stable bones and a healthy immune system, your furry friend needs a species-appropriate food that provides all the minerals your dog requires. Our → VET Joint Fit wet food is specially designed for dogs that need support with mobility and cartilage metabolism. You can also easily enhance existing food with our → Omega Joint Oil, which can positively affect the symptoms of joint inflammation thanks to omega-3 fatty acids.
